Oracle database upgrade steps

Patching and Upgradation

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/
export ORACLE_SID=test
PATH=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin:$PATH; export PATH
which sqlplus

/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/perl/bin/perl /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catctl.pl -d /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/ -l /home/oracle/whileupgrade -n 4 catupgrd.sql

create pfile=’/Software/pfile.ora’ from spfile;

@/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/utlu122s.sql

Ref:https://pierreforstmanndotcom.wordpress.com/2014/08/19/upgrading-single-instance-oracle-database-from-12-1-0-1-to-12-1-0-2/